Soviet Foreign Trade and the Money Supply

the soviet union foreign policy toward the war between iran-iraq سیاست خارجی شوروی در جنگ ایرا وعراق

سیاست خارجی شوروی درجنگ ایران وعراق در چهار فصل بررسی می گردد در فصل اول سیاست خارجی شوروی و عوامل دخیل در تصمیم گیری آن بررسی می گردد در فصل دوم عوامل شروع جنگ ایران و عراق بررسی می گردد در فصل سوم نقش سیاست خارجی شوروی در جنگ ایران وعراق بررسی می شود و در فصل آخر نتیجه گیری. سوال اصلی آیا سیاست خارجی شوروی نسبت به جنگ ایران وعراق حمایت از عراق درجنگ بود؟

Money and the Gains from Trade

The Money Supply in Macroeconomics

The notion that the quantity of money in an economy might be endogenously determined has a long history. Even so, it has never been part of mainstream economic thinking which has remained dominated by the view that the policymaker somehow controls the stock of money and that interest rates are market-determined. However, the need to design and operate a monetary policy that works for modern eco...

Foreign Affairs and Trade

It is known that a theory in S5-epistemic logic with several agents may have numerous models. This is because each such model specifies also what an agent knows about infinite intersections of events, while the expressive power of the logic is limited to finite conjunctions of formulas. We show that this asymmetry between syntax and semantics persists also when infinite conjunctions (up to some...

Repeated trade and the velocity of money*

There are two sources of inefficiency of strategic equilibria (SE) in market mechanisms. The first is the oligopolistic effect, which occurs when an agent can single-handedly influence prices. With a continuum of agents we get ‘perfect competition’ and this effect is, of course, wiped out. But the inefficiency of SEs may nevertheless persist because agents are not ‘perfectly liquid’, i.e., the ...